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FAQ

What is the nature of the chemical catalyst?

The nature of the catalyst is to play a catalytic role in reducing (or increasing) the anti

how could scientists know the exact catalyst for every reactions??? THANX sooo much

Believe me, nema, there's no way that we chemists know the best catalyst for every reaction. That would be simply impossible. However, from the type of reaction, the reactants, products, reaction conditions, solvents, etc. and from one's experience and the literature (papers and patents) one can get a good idea for most reactions of the type of catalyst that has worked for similar systems. One then starts off with a catalyst from the literature and modifies or changes it if improvement is needed based on chemical principles that one learns. There are also some theoretical calculations that can be made. Sometimes they work and sometimes they don't :) If it is an industrially important process like the Haber process for making ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas, there may be thousands of catalysts which have been tried and evaluated. New minor improvements are being made every day. When a company does find a very good catalyst for an important reaction, often they keep it a trade secret. The good catalyst can make a huge difference in how commercially successful a particular process is. That's a large part of what chemical engineers do. You may never know if you have the best catalyst. The most you can hope for is one that is good enough. So it's a few parts personal knowledge, a few parts literature, a couple of parts theory, a lot of experimentation and often, more than not, a little luck. :)

Will the catalyst decompose during the reaction between two substances? Exp:the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide.Will the manganese 4 oxide decompose?

Catalysts are not used/destroyed in any reactions, it merely speeds up the process by lowering the reaction activation energy. It functions by being able to weaken or break the required bonds necessary in the chemical reaction (thus lowering activation energy) through temporary and weak bonding to form a complex. In this case the H2O2 molecule will bind with the MnO2 molecule due to the complimentary sites (thus forming a complex) to weaken the bonds for decomposition, but after decomposition the products (oxygen and water molecules) break off from the catalyst (as there are no more complementary sites with them) thus the catalyst will not be destroyed.

I need to name 3everyday catalysts for my chemistry homework. I don't want anything complicated there must just be 3 easy ones out there... Then could you please state what each one is used for? Please do it like this, e.g.Hello ; used to say hi to someone. I know that's a bad example but please!!

Hello ; Chemical catalysts are substances that increase the rate of reaction (while remaining themselves chemically unchanged: Polyethylene, the polymer used to make everything from: 1. garbage bags and 2. grocery bags, to 3. squeezable bottles, to 4. cable insulation, is made by passing ethylene gas over a catalyst. Most other polymers are made in the same (or similar) way. Synthetic rubber, nylon, polyester, PVC, teflon, etc. It's not hard to think of 10 uses for these catalyst-produced materials alone... e.g. : 5. rain coats 6. pantyhose 7. water pipes 8. bouncy balls 9. non-stick surfaces and pads 10. saran wrap 11. food containers 12. cell-phone and laptop cases 13. cheap wigs 14. fishing line... 15. Enzymes are Biological catalysts: 16. beer and 17. bread are typically made with yeast, a living organism containing enzymes I hope this helps!

Can you describe at least 4 ways a catalyst can lower the activation energy of a reaction?

To see how a catalyst accelerates the reaction, we need to look at the potential energy diagram shown below which compares the non-catalytic and the catalytic reaction. For the non-catalytic reaction, the figure is simply the familiar way to visualize the Arrhenius equation: the reaction proceeds when A and B collide with succificient energy to overcome the activation barrier. The change in Gibbs free energy between reactants, A + B, and the product P is delta G. The catalytic reaction starts by bonding of the reactants A and B to the catalyst, in a spontaneous reaction. Hence, the formation of this complex is exothermic and the free energy is lowered. There then follows the reaction between A and B while they are bound to the catalyst. This step is associated with an activation energy; however, it is significantly lower than that for the uncatalyzed reaction. Finally, the product P seperates from the catalyst in an endothermic step. The energy diagram illustrates 4 ways the catalyst works : The catalyst offers an alternative path for the reaction that is energetically more favorable The activation energy of the catalytic reaction is significantly smaller than that of the uncatalyzed reaction; hence the rate of the catalytic reaction is much larger The overall change in free energy for the catalytic reaction equals that of the uncatalyzed reaction. Hence, the catalyst does not affect the equilibrium constant for the overall reaction. A catalyst cannot change the thermodynamics of a reaction but it can change the kinetics. The catalyst accelerates both the forward and the reverse reaction to the same extent. In other words, if a catalyst accelerates the formation of product P from A and B, it will do the same for the decomposition of P into A and B.

Just something I've always wondered about...

there are so much catalysts made up of transition metals. because one of the characteristics of transition metals is can be made to catalyst. one of the catalyst that is mostly used is iron fillings which is used as catalyst to make ammonia from nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas.

i keep messing up on those 2 simple things haha i would apprecaite some help.

enzymes help biochemical reactions proceed at a faster rate than normal in a physiological system, catalysts or sometimes referred to as subunits, metals and other ligands, bind enzymes, and can have a positive and negative effect on the rate of a reaction. search them on wikipedia!

What is the standard for the storage of flammable and explosive chemicals now?

First, the basic requirements of classification of storage Dangerous goods, variety, complex performance, storage, in accordance with the zoning, classification, sub-section of the principle of special storage, set the number, set the number of fixed warehouses, fixed staff (four) custody. Small warehouses should be classified, divided, sub-stack storage, the performance of each other, fire fighting different items, dangerous dangerous goods and other general dangerous goods, should be stored separately.