Mullite is commonly used in refractory formulations due to its exceptional properties that enhance the overall performance of refractories. Mullite, a mineral composed of aluminum silicate, possesses a unique crystal structure that provides it with excellent thermal stability, high melting point, and low thermal expansion. These properties make it highly resistant to thermal shock and extreme temperature conditions. In refractory formulations, mullite acts as a key component in enhancing various properties. Its high thermal stability ensures the refractory can withstand intense heat without significant degradation or structural failure. This is particularly important in industries such as steelmaking, glass manufacturing, and cement production, where refractories are exposed to extreme temperatures. Mullite's low thermal expansion characteristics prevent the refractory from cracking or warping when subjected to rapid temperature changes. This property is crucial in preventing thermal shock damage, which can occur during processes involving heating and cooling cycles. Furthermore, mullite's high melting point allows it to retain its structural integrity and mechanical strength even at extremely high temperatures. This feature ensures that the refractory material remains stable and durable in demanding industrial environments. Overall, the incorporation of mullite in refractory formulations significantly enhances the refractory's resistance to thermal shock, high temperature stability, and mechanical strength. This makes mullite an indispensable component in refractories, enabling them to withstand harsh conditions and prolong their service life in various industrial applications.

Aluminum titanate plays a crucial role in refractory materials as it has excellent thermal shock resistance, high refractoriness, and low thermal expansion properties. It acts as a binder, providing strength and stability to the refractory structure. Additionally, aluminum titanate helps to enhance the corrosion resistance and insulation capabilities of refractory materials, making them suitable for various high-temperature applications such as in the steel, cement, and glass industries.

Raw materials can have a significant impact on the resistance to thermal fatigue of refractory products. The composition and characteristics of the raw materials can determine the thermal conductivity, expansion coefficient, and strength of the refractory product. High-quality raw materials with low thermal conductivity and low expansion coefficients can improve the resistance to thermal fatigue by reducing the strain and stress on the refractory material during thermal cycling. Additionally, raw materials with good strength and stability can enhance the overall durability and resistance to cracking or spalling under thermal stress. Therefore, the selection of appropriate raw materials is crucial in ensuring high resistance to thermal fatigue in refractory products.

The addition of periclase generally improves the refractoriness of refractories. Periclase, which is a magnesium oxide (MgO) mineral, has a high melting point and good thermal stability. When added to refractories, it enhances their resistance to high temperatures, making them more capable of withstanding heat and maintaining their structural integrity. This increased refractoriness makes periclase a valuable additive in the manufacturing of refractory materials for industries such as steel, glass, and cement.