Fused cast AZS (alumina-zirconia-silica) offers several advantages when used as a lining material in glass furnaces. Firstly, its high density and low porosity provide excellent resistance to corrosion, erosion, and chemical attack from molten glass, resulting in increased furnace life and reduced downtime for maintenance. Secondly, fused cast AZS has a superior thermal shock resistance, allowing it to withstand rapid temperature changes within the furnace without cracking or spalling. This property ensures stable and consistent heating and cooling cycles, leading to improved glass quality and production efficiency. Furthermore, the high refractoriness of AZS enables it to withstand extremely high temperatures, making it suitable for use in demanding glass melting processes. Its excellent mechanical strength and dimensional stability ensure the integrity of the furnace structure, preventing deformation or collapse under the weight of the glass charge. Additionally, fused cast AZS offers good resistance to build-up of glass batch materials, reducing the need for frequent cleaning and minimizing the risk of glass defects caused by contamination. Overall, the advantages of using fused cast AZS in glass furnace linings include enhanced durability, thermal shock resistance, high temperature capability, and resistance to glass batch build-up, all of which contribute to improved furnace performance, extended service life, and higher quality glass production.

The purpose of calcium oxide in refractory materials is to act as a fluxing agent, helping to lower the melting point of the materials and improve their overall workability and performance at high temperatures. It also assists in forming a stable and protective oxide layer on the surface of the refractory material, making it more resistant to corrosion and erosion.

The raw materials used in the production of magnesia refractories are mainly magnesite (magnesium carbonate) and dolomite (magnesium calcium carbonate). These minerals are heat-treated to obtain the desired refractory properties necessary for applications in high-temperature environments.

The main sources of sillimanite in refractory raw materials are natural deposits found in metamorphic rocks, particularly in high-grade metamorphic regions.