Q:are photosynthetic pigments separated based on their polarity or based on their molecular structure?Thanks

Molecular structure... Chlorophylls are greenish pigments which contain a porphyrin ring. This is a stable ring-shaped molecule around which electrons are free to migrate. There are several kinds of chlorophyll, the most important being chlorophyll a. This is the molecule which makes photosynthesis possible, by passing its energized electrons on to molecules which will manufacture sugars. All plants, algae, and cyanobacteria which photosynthesize contain chlorophyll a. A second kind of chlorophyll is chlorophyll b, which occurs only in green algae and in the plants. A third form of chlorophyll which is common is (not surprisingly) called chlorophyll c, and is found only in the photosynthetic members of the Chromista as well as the dinoflagellates. The differences between the chlorophylls of these major groups was one of the first clues that they were not as closely related as previously thought. Carotenoids are usually red, orange, or yellow pigments, and include the familiar compound carotene, which gives carrots their color. These compounds are composed of two small six-carbon rings connected by a chain of carbon atoms. As a result, they do not dissolve in water, and must be attached to membranes within the cell. Carotenoids cannot transfer sunlight energy directly to the photosynthetic pathway, but must pass their absorbed energy to chlorophyll. For this reason, they are called accessory pigments. One very visible accessory pigment is fucoxanthin the brown pigment which colors kelps and other brown algae as well as the diatoms.

Q:What are the roles and type of plant pigments?

Pigments are able to absorb specific wavelengths of light which power photosynthesis. Chlorophyll, which is green, absorbs all wavelengths except green. Each photon excites an electron in the light harvesting complexes of a photosystem in a chlorophyll molecule, eventually producing ATPs. Other pigments will be a different color and will be able to absorb other wavelengths, maximizing energy absorbency when the sun's rays change. Pigments are chemicals inside living things that absorb certain types of light. In plants, the pigment chlorophyll in leaves absorbs sunlight for photosynthesis to work, where the energy comes from. Chlorophyll absorbs all light except green, which is reflected. That's why most plants are green...

Q:I am about to purchase a bunch of MAC pigments and I have noticed that they all look glittery, is this just the kind that i am looking at? I know they are versatile, so that is why i want to buy them. And it seems as though they will last longert than eyeshadow...

Of course they can ! I love mac pigments. Yes, fallout is involved..but what i do is i use my mixing medium with them so that they go on wet and no fallout. If you don't have mixing medium you can mix them with eyedrops. What i do is i put a drop in the lid and pick up some pigment and mix it till i get the perfect consistancy. You can also learn how to press them, so that they can become pressed eyeshadows instead of loose. But if you just want to use them loose, make sure you get a good flat shader brush...make sure you pat the pigment on your lids insted of in a swiping motion, this also prevents less fall out. Get some loose transparent powder as well set that under your eyes, and swipe it off when done..this makes the fallout swipe away without smearing on your face.. Hope that helps ! If you want you can do all of this, but you don't have to...just random tips to prevent that annoying fallout

Q:I'm onto black-berry.. I wonder what else is available in 98362.

Pigments from the past came from rocks, minerals, plants, and other natural materials. Those things are all still available. You can take classes at some universities that teach how to make your own paints, or dry pigments. For native American pigments, you have to research which tribe used which colors. To be totally authentic you could visit the tribe of your choice and see if you can learn from them. Sticking to your own zip code will not net you much, usually.

Q:Does anyone know its chemical formula or constituents ?

Pigments are generally used for overdipping or decorating candles. Pigments do not fade and do not migrate/bleed, but pigments will clog wicks if used to color solid-colored candles. Pigment flakes are clean and easy to use and give vivid and brilliant colors. They are safe for the candlemaker and for the candlemaker’s customers. The pigment flakes comply with OSHA, TSCA and EN 071 (part 3) legislation. Pigments are insoluble in the medium they are coloring. Pigments, therefore, are not soluble in wax. They color the wax by dispersion. This means that pigments have to be distributed evenly throughout the wax, or dispersed in the wax, in order to color it (versus dyes which are soluble in wax and become a part of the wax to color it). Mixing, therefore, is very important. Usage and Dosage Instructions Dissolve pigments flakes in your wax formulation at approximately 185F - 85C. It is recommended to pre-disperse the required amount of color (see dosage chart) in a small amount of the dipping wax in a ratio of 1:5 color to wax. This should be done at 185F - 85C, using an electric mixer will disperse the color more quickly. Once the pigment is well dispersed, add it to the remaining dipping wax. Stir the dipping wax well before starting production and after each production break. Overdipping Dosage 2 dips : 1% by weight of wax formulation 1 dip : 1.5% by weight of wax formulation For color consistency, always add the same amount of color to your dipping wax. Use a scale to weigh the components of your dipping formulation. Always dip candles at the same temperature, temperature variations will result in color deviations. Too hot a dipping wax will make the shade of color on the candle appear lighter. Too cold a dipping wax will make the shade of color on the candle appear darker. Any variations in the overdipping wax used may result in a change of color on your finished candle. PROPER MIXING IS NECESSARY TO ACHIEVE UNIFORM DISPERSION OF PIGMENTS

Q:Can some one suggest chemical pigments that can be easily made from chemicals available in a chemistry lab for a project?I need the name of the pigment, reactants required and chemical equations of reactions involved.I need atleast 5 pigments

Typical pigments: carbon black (charcoal) titanium dioxide red iron oxide white lead cadmium red cadmium orange cadmium yellow

Q:i was thinking of this all day long and then i thought of posting this question for you to help me sort it out

plant pigments are of types---- LUCOPLAST- colourless, found in roots, collect food.,,, CROMOPLAST-- Of difrent colour (not green), in flowers atract insect for polination, in fruits atract animals for seed dispers,,,,CLOROPLAST-- Convert light energy to chemical energy, in leaves and otner parts....

Q:what is the difference between light color and pigment colors?

Pigments are chemicals that selectively absorb and reflect different spectra of light. When a surface is painted with a pigment, light hitting the surface is reflected, minus some wavelengths. This subtraction of wavelengths produces the appearance of different colors. Most paints are a blend of several chemical pigments, intended to produce a reflection of a given color.

Q:(After the fifteenth century)

Pigment is color in powder form. An example is lamp black; it was first made from the soot of kerosene lamps ground fine. Binder is a substance used to hold pigment together and make it adhere; in the previous example, linseed oil would be the binder for the lamp black pigment. Vehicle is a medium acting as a solvent, carrier, or binder for paint; turpentine or mineral spirits would be a vehicle but so would linseed oil as well to help dilute the paint and help it cover a large area. Hope that helps and thanx.

Q:How can you extract pure pigments from a sample of leaves in a form that you could test the absorbency of the various pigments??I don't know how to extract enough pigment in order to fill a cuvette and measure the absorbance, please help!! :D

Separation of plant pigments using chromatography. Paper chromatography is a useful technique in the separation and identification of different plant pigments. In this technique, the mixture containing the pigments to be separated is first applied as a spot or a line to the paper about 1.5 cm from the bottom edge of the paper. The paper is then placed in a container with the tip of the paper touching the solvent. Solvent is absorbed by the chromatographic paper and moved up the paper by capillary action. As the solvent crosses the area containing plant pigment extract, the pigments dissolve in and move with the solvent. The solvent carries the dissolved pigments as it moves up the paper. The pigments are carried along at different rates because they are not equally soluble. Therefore, the less soluble pigments will move slower up the paper than the more soluble pigments. This is known as developing a chromatogram.