Q:i need technical and non technical details to generate MW power by solar panels

First off, you should consider cost per kilowatt-hour (kWh) since kWh is energy whereas MW is power, and kWh is a common unit of energy used by power utilities. But first you would need to design the power capacity required, which as you state, is assumed to be MW. Average system costs = $95 per square foot Average solar panel output = 0.6 watts per square foot Average solar energy system costs = $8.95 per watt Form this information, the capital cost of installing MW = $8.95 /W * 0^6 W/MW = $9 million. The lifetime of a typical solar power system is probably about 20 years. Assuming a true MW peak output of the solar panel it would be anticipated that a daily average energy production would be peak output over about 3 hours per day, or 3 MWh of energy per day. Total production over a 20 year system life would be 3 MWh * 365 days/yr * 20 yr = 22 x 0^3 MWh So in terms of costs of capitalization of the system, the cost of Energy (/kWh) = $8.95 million / 22 x 0^3 MWh = $0.40 / kWh (approximately) This cost does not include maintenance, however, given the simplicity of these systems; other than periodic equipment replacement, which is covered by specifying a 20 year complete system replacement; other maintenance cost should be relatively low. The required surface area of solar panel = 0^6 W / 0.6 W/ft^2 = 94,340 ft^2 or a little over 2 acres of panel surface area. To be able to properly access and maintain the solar array, the minimum area required would likely be 5 to 0 acres.

Q:I need to reduce the average monthly home electricity bill by powering some of the household appliances using solar panels. Can I use a 250 watt solar panel to power a medium sized upright fridge?

Well you might reduce your bills, but you wont get your capital back for many years. Do you have LED lighting, I have, every-time one of my compact flourescent bulbs blew I would replace it with an LED, after two years most of my lighting is LED, a good investment I think. What devices do you have, heating and cooking is better with gas (much cheaper) Think about better insulation for wintertime.

Q:How much space is required to install solar panels?

The space required to install solar panels depends on the size and capacity of the panels. On average, a solar panel installation for a typical household requires about 100-400 square feet of roof space. However, ground-mounted solar panels can be installed in larger areas, ranging from a few hundred square feet to acres, depending on the energy needs and available land.

Q:How do solar panels affect the electricity bill?

Solar panels can significantly reduce or even eliminate electricity bills by generating clean, renewable energy from the sun. When solar panels produce more electricity than a household consumes, the excess energy can be fed back into the grid, resulting in credits or monetary compensation. This process, known as net metering, allows homeowners to offset their electricity usage and potentially receive lower bills or even payments from their utility company.

Q:The battery is 9ah and the solar panel is 20w

despite the statements to the contrary, using a solar panel to charge a battery is not rocket science. first lets look at you panel. panels normally have a spec for open circuit voltage (probably 20 volts for yours) operating power (4.4 volts at .4 amps is usual for 20 watt panel) and short circuit current (probably 2 amps in your case). if this panel is connected to a 2 volt battery, it will develop 20 watts of charge current in full sun. if this panel is connected to a 6 volt battery, it will work closer to the short circuit current or about .8 amps. doing the math this is a 7.2v x ,8= 3 watt charger for 6 volt batteries. while it is less efficient than when working at 2 volts, it will still work pretty good and no regulator is needed if you remember to disconnect the panel after 5 hours of full sun. if you want to walk away and have it run automatically, then you will need to find a 6 volt charge controller.

Q:I have a home made 24 volt electric cart. It is powered by two 2Volt deep cycle batteries. Since the motor runs on 24 volts the batteries are wired in series to produce the 24 volts. I only have a 2 volt battery charger, but I also have two 2 volt solar panels. It is a pain having to unhook wires, rewire it, or charge them one at the time.HERE IS THE QUESTION REALLY... Can I wire the two 2 volt solar panels together in series (ie: negative to positive) then connect it to the existing 24 volt system and have it charge the batteries fine. I know basic wiring, but I know nearly nothing about solar panels, will it work fine? will it cause them to break? or short out?(additional info, the solar panels are only rated at 5 amps so it will not overcharge the batteries or anything)

Wiring the panels in series should be ok as long as they are exactly the same. Different impedance's could damage the panels. Remember that Voltages and Amperage's are indirectly proportional meaning that if you series your panels your voltage will rise but the amperage will be reduced.

Q:Can solar panels be installed on a flat roof?

Yes, solar panels can be installed on a flat roof. However, it is important to consider the orientation, tilt, and shading of the roof to ensure maximum efficiency and productivity of the solar panels.

Q:A homeowner is considering putting a horizontal solar panel on her roof to heat water for domestic use. An average increase of water temperature each day from 60oF to 20oF is wanted for 50 gallons. How large a panel would be needed on a clear winter day at 40o latitude if the overall efficiency is 50%?

Good points. I'm new to the solar energy world, but solar just makes sense. Who wouldn't want to make it work? The more I learn the more I think its a great alternative to some of the energy we use. This info really helps.

Q:Solar panels are all divided into these squares, forming a grid like pattern. Is it possible to have a single piece of solar panel?

Solar cells are semiconductor devices like computer chips. Current manufacturing methods create small squares of semiconductors. Companies are researching ways to make thin film solar cells that can be painted on or manufactured in large, possibly flexible sheets, but so far the technology to do that is still more expensive than making little squares and then assembling them into big panels. That may change in the near future, but I can't be sure.

Q:I have a solar panel i got for free and I don't know what to do with it. Its kinda big at about 20x 0and it puts our 2 VOC / .23 ISC. I don't know of anything that I could use it for. Its too big to say charge a phone or ipod....any suggestions??

Hey AJ, Tom is quite right, a panel that size is a great trickle charger at .2 amps. If you have a good sized 2 volt battery, like from a truck, or for a boat trolling motor (it should be at least 60 amp hours) you can hook it to the battery and it will charge it slowly anytime the sun shines. Don't worry about the voltage, most 2 volt nominal volt panels are wired for 8 - 9 volts, and if you hook them to a battery, the panel voltage comes right down to the batteries charging curve voltage anyway, they are designed for that. What you do need is a diode. A diode is an electrical check valve, allowing current to flow in one direction, but not the other. This will prevent the battery from discharging through the panel at night. Many panels today come with diodes inside the junction box on the back of the panel. If yours does not have any, go to Radio Shack, look for a 6 amp silicone diode, usually around75 cents. Put it in series between the panel and the battery, then, while you have a voltmeter hooked to the battery, connect the panel/diode to the battery and see if the voltage goes up slightly. If it does, you're all set. If not, turn the diode around and try it again. It has to be connected into the circuit the correct direction. Many people will state that you need a charge controller, but this is not necessary if your panels max current, ISC is less than 2% of your batterys amp hour capacity. In your case, if you have a 60 AH or larger battery, skip the controller. There is a great discussion about this in Richard Perez's book, I will list it below. If you want to learn more about these devices, there is a great magazine that gets into the nuts and bolts of renewable energy, it's called Home Power Magazine, the link is below. We started by hooking a slightly larger panel to some golf cart batteries 2 years ago, reading that magazine and going to some energy fairs. Today our home is completely powered by the wind and sun. Check it out sometime. Take care, Rudydoo